Sit less and move more! A cross-sectional study of the associations between physical activity and sedentary behaviors with inhibitory control in Brazilian adults.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the independent and joint associations between sedentary behaviors (SB) and physical activity (PA) with inhibitory control (IC) in adults. METHODS: A total of 111 participants (median age = 30 years; 60% women), completed the Stroop Color-Words test to assess IC. They also wore accelerometers for seven days to measure SB, light PA, moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), and daily steps. We previously set cutoff points for SB and PA measurements and tested them to determine their association with IC. All analyses were adjusted for potential confounding factors including age, gender, post-secondary education, income, body mass index, and accelerometer wear time. RESULTS: Low SB, high MVPA, and high daily steps were independently associated with a better IC compared to their respective counterparts. Adults with low levels of SB and light PA demonstrated better IC performance (ß = -227.67, 95%CI = -434.14 to -21.20) compared to those with high SB and low light PA. Conversely, individuals with high SB and high light PA exhibited worse performance (ß = 126.80, 95%CI = 2.11 to 251.50) than those in the high SB and low light PA group. Furthermore, the joint association of low SB with high MVPA (ß = -491.12, 95%CI = -689.23 to -293.01) or low SB with high daily steps (ß = -254.29, 95%CI = -416.41 to -92.16) demonstrated better IC performance compared to those with high SB and low MVPA or low daily steps. CONCLUSION: Our findings highlight independent and joint associations between low SB, high MVPA, and high daily steps with enhanced IC in adults.

Racial Inequalities in the Health Establishment Access to the Treatment of COVID-19 in Brazil in 2020.

The Brazilian health system simultaneously allows for the existence of the public and private sectors, which often imposes financial barriers to access to services and affects the health of exposed groups. Studies have shown evidence of higher lethality risks among Black/Biracial and Indigenous People admitted to hospitals due to COVID-19 during the pandemic when compared to White People. This paper evaluated the association between access to treatment for COVID-19, race, and COVID-19-related deaths among the five macro-regions of Brazil in 2020. We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional observational, and population-wide study. Logistical models were used including first-order interactions between race and the health establishment administration sector using deaths as outcome, adjusted for covariates. The lethality risk, defined as the percentage of deaths among hospitalized patients, of Black/Biracial and Indigenous People was up to 78% (in the Midwest) and 29% (in the South) higher when compared to White People, respectively. The association of the race/access interaction with COVID-19-related deaths suggested the possibility of institutional racism in health establishments. The results highlight the need to guarantee adequate funding to the public health sector to improve equity in access to healthcare and the constant development of educational activities and increased participation of racialized minorities in the healthcare workforce at influential positions for health workers on topics such as racism.

Prevalence and circulant genotypes of Chlamydia trachomatis in university women from cities in the Brazilian Amazon.

BACKGROUND: Approximately 80% of infected women infected by Chlamydia trachomatis are asymptomatic, although this infection can lead to serious complications in the female reproductive tract. Few data on Chlamydia infection and genotypes are available in Amazonian communities. OBJECTIVES: To describe the prevalence of and associated factors and to identify the genotypes of sexual C. trachomatis infection in female university students in different urban centers (capital and interiors) in the Brazilian state of Pará, in the eastern Amazon region. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed among young women attending public universities in four different urban centers in the eastern Amazon region. They were invited to participate in the studt and cervical secretions were collected for molecular diagnosis of C. trachomatis. We utilized amplification of the ompA gene by nested PCR. Positive samples were genotyped by nucleotide sequencing. Study participants completed a questionnaire on social, epidemiological, and reproductive health variables. A Qui-square and Binominal regression test were used to evaluate the degree of association of these variables with the infection. RESULTS: A total of 686 female students was included in the study. The overall prevalence of C. trachomatis was 11.2% (77/686). The prevalence of this infection was higher in interiors (15.2% vs 9.5%/ p: 0.0443). Female university students who do not have a sexual partner (11.8%/p <0.008), who do not use a condom in their sexual relations (17.8%/p <0.0001) and who reported having suffered a miscarriage (32%/p <0.0001) have high chances of acquiring this sexual infection. The ompA gene was sequenced in only 33 (42.8%) samples, revealing the genotype J was the most frequent (27.2% [9/33]), followed by genotypes D (24.2% [8/33]), and then genotypes F (18.2% [6/33]), E (15.1% [5/33]) K (6.1% [2/33]), Ia (6.1% [2/33]), and G (3.1% [1/33]). CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of sexual infection by C. trachomatis in the female university students from the interior of the state of Pará, individuals with no fixed sexual partner, those that had had a miscarriage, the students that do not use condoms in their sexual relations. The genotype J of C. trachomatis genotypes was the most frequent. These data are important to help defining the epidemiological effects of chlamydial infections in Amazonian populations.

The effects of medium cut-off and high-flux membranes on activated clotting time of patients on hemodialysis.

Introduction: The interaction between blood and dialysis membrane increases the risk of clot formation. Membrane properties can interfere with coagulation activation during dialysis. Heparin is usually used to ensure anticoagulation, which can be monitored by the Activated Clotting Time (ACT) test. The purpose of this study was to compare the ACT of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing hemodialysis with high-flux (HF) and medium cut-off (MCO) membranes. Methods: This is a prospective, randomized, crossover study in which 32 CKD patients were dialyzed for 12 weeks with each membrane. Blood clotting measured by ACT was evaluated at the beginning, 2nd, and 4th hour of the dialysis session. Throughout the study, there were no changes in the dose or administration method of heparin. Results: Patients mainly were middle-aged, non-black males on hemodialysis for eight years. Before randomization, ACT values were 132 ± 56, 195 ± 60, and 128 ± 32 seconds at pre-heparinization, 2nd and 4th hour, respectively. After 12 weeks, ACT values in HF and MCO groups were 129 ± 17, 205 ± 65 and 139 ± 38 seconds, and 143 ± 54, 219 ± 68 and 142 ± 45 seconds, respectively. An ANOVA model adjusted and unadjusted for repeated measures showed a significant time but no treatment or interaction effects. In an additional paired-sample analysis, no difference between ACT values of HF and MCO Groups was observed. Discussion and Conclusion: There was no difference regarding the ACT test during dialysis therapy using HF or MCO membranes. This data suggests that no adjustment in the dose or administration method of heparin is necessary with the use of MCO dialysis membranes.

COVID-19 e saúde mental: preocupações de estudantes do ensino superior do estado do Ceará

Objetivo: Objetivou-se apresentar as principais preocupações de estudantes do ensino superior do estado do Ceará, durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Metodologia: Trata-se de recorte de pesquisa maior denominada "Repercussões da pandemia do novo coronavírus na saúde mental dos estudantes de ensino superior". Estudo descritivo e exploratório que utilizou abordagem transversal. A pesquisa contou com amostra de 3.691 alunos que participaram do estudo. Devido ao contexto da pandemia, a coleta de dados foi realizada por meio remoto, via Google Forms. Foram utilizados um questionário sociodemográfico e situacional relacionado à pandemia e ao isolamento social e o Inventário de Saúde Mental (MHI-38). Resultados: O estado de Saúde Mental, de forma global, as dimensões Bem-Estar Positivo e Distresse e as dimensões primárias apresentaram tendência para diminuir com o aumento da preocupação com a continuidade do curso de forma presencial. O estudo apresentou insegurança por parte dos estudantes universitários quanto ao retorno das aulas e de como seria o "novo normal". Quanto ao medo de ser infectado e em relação à preocupação ao sair de casa, respectivamente, 76,72% e 84,85% apresentaram estado de saúde mental inferior, demonstrando, assim, como a pandemia fragilizou a saúde mental. Conclusão: Os resultados apresentaram validação estatisticamente significativas tanto para a Escala global quanto para as dimensões primárias. À vista desse panorama, constata-se o quanto a pandemia e o isolamento social repercutiram em emoções de medo e preocupação, sendo estes sentimentos que interferiram negativamente na saúde mental dos acadêmicos pesquisados.

Leptin Levels and Appetite Score in Patients on Hemodialysis Using High Flux or Medium Cutoff Membranes.

OBJECTIVES: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients on hemodialysis may have a modified appetite due to several factors including a lack of uremic toxins elimination. The use of medium cutoff (MCO) dialysis membranes has been suggested as an alternative to improve the removal of toxins, especially those of medium and high molecular weight. This study aimed to compare the effect of hemodialysis using MCO and high-flux membranes on the appetite and leptin levels of CKD patients. DESIGN AND METHODS: This is a predefined exploratory analysis of a randomized, open study, with a crossover design of 28 weeks of follow-up, which compared the effects of MCO and high-flux membranes in 32 CKD patients on hemodialysis. Appetite assessments were performed using the Appetite and Food Satisfaction Questionnaire. RESULTS: The MCO group had an appetite score of 3.00 (1.00-5.50) and 3.00 (1.00-5.00) at the beginning and at the end of the treatment period, respectively, while the high-flux group had 1.00 (0.25-6.00) and 2.00 (0.75-3.25). There were no effects of treatment (P = .573), time (P = .376), and interaction (P = .770) between the MCO and high-flux groups. Leptin levels, at the beginning and at the end of the treatment period, were 2,342.30 (1,156.50-4,091.50) and 2,571.50 (1,619.40-4,036.47) pg/mL in the MCO group, respectively, and 2,183.15 (1,550.67-3,656.50) and 2,685.65 (1,458.20-3,981.08) pg/mL in the high-flux group. There was a time effect (P = .014), showing an increase in leptin levels in both groups, while treatment (P = .771) or interaction (P = .218) effects were not observed. CONCLUSIONS: There is no difference between the effects of MCO or high-flux membranes on leptin levels or appetite of CKD patients on hemodialysis.

Capacitação dos educadores escolares responsáveis por crianças com diabetes tipo I / Training school educators responsible for children with type I diabetes

Introdução: O presente relatório tem como objetivo apresentar o trabalho desenvolvido, as competências adquiridas e os resultados obtidos, durante o Estágio do Mestrado em Enfermagem Comunitária e de Saúde Pública com relatório final. A Diabetes Mellitus é uma doença metabólica crónica que surge como um problema à nível mundial. A doença não afeta apenas as faixas etárias mais velhas, mas também afeta as crianças/ jovens e a sua sobrevivência depende da adequada gestão da sua diabetes. A Escola é um local de inclusão, devendo ser mobilizado os recursos para a gestão de situações intercorrentes da doença. É imprescindível a implementação de programas e estratégias que garantam um ambiente seguro da criança. Objetivo: Capacitar os educadores escolares para a apropriada gestão da diabetes tipo 1, em contexto escolar. Método: O projeto de intervenção teve por base a metodologia do planeamento em saúde, garantindo uma gestão adequada em todo o processo de planeamento, e ainda articulado com o referencial teórico de Enfermagem da Promoção da Saúde de Nola Pender. Procedeu-se a aplicação de um instrumento de recolha de dados aos educadores de criança com diabetes tipo1 antes e após as sessões de educação para a saúde. Foi também realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura, o que permitiu incorporar e aplicar os novos conhecimentos obtidos, reforçando e suportando, assim, a intervenção numa prática baseada na evidência e utilizando bases de dados como uma ferramenta de procura de conhecimento rápida e fidedigna. Resultados: Verificou-se défice de conhecimento na gestão da diabetes: controle de sintomas, alimentação e regime terapêutico. A intervenção comunitária obteve resultados positivos, aumentando o nível de conhecimentos sobre diabetes, dos educadores escolares. Conclusão: Educar para a saúde é implementar atividades de aprendizagem, promover e desenvolver habilidades, consciencializando as pessoas para fazer escolhas informadas sobre os seus comportamentos de saúde e mudança de atitudes, de forma voluntaria. A educação para saúde é uma estratégia de intervenção eficaz no empoderamento e capacitação das pessoas, grupos ou comunidades. O caminho é longo, muito há ainda por fazer. A mudança tem de acontecer a nível do poder político, com reforço económico e de recursos humanos, ao nível das escolas, e com a devida regulamentação da formação da diabetes.

Introduction: This report aims to present the work developed, the skills acquired and the results obtained, during the Master's Internship in Community and Public Health Nursing with a final report. Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease that has emerged as a worldwide problem. The disease not only affects older age groups, but also affects children/young people and their survival depends on the adequate management of their diabetes. The School is a place of inclusion, and resources must be mobilized to manage intercurrent situations caused by the disease. It is essential to implement programs and strategies that guarantee a safe environment for children. Objective: To train school educators in the appropriate management of type 1 diabetes, in a school context. Method: The intervention project was based on the health planning methodology, ensuring adequate management throughout the planning process, and also articulated with the theoretical framework of Health Promotion Nursing by Nola Pender. A data collection instrument was applied to educators of children with type 1 diabetes before and after the health education sessions. An integrative literature review was also carried out, which made it possible to incorporate and apply the new knowledge obtained, thus reinforcing and supporting the intervention in an evidence-based practice and using databases as a quick and reliable knowledge search tool. Results: There was a lack of knowledge in diabetes management: symptom control, nutrition and therapeutic regimen. The community intervention achieved positive results, increasing the level of knowledge about diabetes among school educators. Conclusion: Educating for health is implementing learning activities, promoting and developing skills, raising people's awareness to make informed choices about their health behaviors and changing attitudes, voluntarily. Health education is an effective intervention strategy in empowering and qualifying people, groups or communities. The road is long, there is still a lot to be done. Change must happen at the level of political power, with economic and human resources reinforcement, at the level of schools, and with the proper regulation of diabetes training.

Jogo Enfermeiro Diagnosticador para ensino do raciocínio diagnóstico em enfermagem: estudo quase-experimental / Juego Enfermero Diagnosticador para la enseñanza del razonamiento diagnóstico en enfermería: estudio cuasi experimental / "Enfermeiro Diagnosticador" board game for teaching diagnostic reasoning in nursing: a quasi-experimental study

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a efetividade do jogo de tabuleiro Enfermeiro Diagnosticador para o ensino do raciocínio diagnóstico em estudantes de enfermagem. Métodos Estudo quase-experimental, desenvolvido em três etapas: construção do jogo de tabuleiro Enfermeiro Diagnosticador; análise de conteúdo dos casos clínicos por especialistas; e aplicação do jogo de tabuleiro Enfermeiro Diagnosticador. Participaram 19 especialistas na análise de conteúdo. O pré-teste e o pós-teste foram realizados com 11 discentes do Curso de Graduação em Enfermagem, cursando a Disciplina de Bases da Semiologia. Resultados Os nove casos clínicos que compuseram o jogo foram organizados em pistas capazes de subsidiar a composição dos diagnósticos de enfermagem. Esses foram avaliados com boa adequação por 19 especialistas em raciocínio diagnóstico e/ou tecnologia educacional. Comparando o desempenho dos discentes antes e após o experimento, a inferência diagnóstica correta apresentou diferença estatística significativa na resolução do primeiro e segundo diagnósticos (p=0,008). Além disso, a escrita correta do diagnóstico foi ponto de destaque no pós-teste e todos os itens avaliados apresentaram melhora no momento pós-aplicação do jogo de tabuleiro. Conclusão Conclui-se que o jogo de tabuleiro Enfermeiro Diagnosticador é efetivo no apoio ao ensino do raciocínio diagnóstico em enfermagem. Desta forma, almeja-se avançar no estado da arte no que concerne a jogos educativos de baixo custo e fácil acesso para dar suporte ao raciocínio diagnóstico em enfermagem.

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar la efectividad del juego Enfermero Diagnosticador para la enseñanza del razonamiento diagnóstico en estudiantes de enfermería. Métodos Estudio cuasi experimental desarrollado en tres etapas: elaboración del juego de mesa Enfermero Diagnosticador, análisis de contenido de los casos clínicos por especialistas y aplicación del juego de mesa Enfermero Diagnosticador. Participaron 19 especialistas en el análisis de contenido. El pretest y el postest se realizó con 11 estudiantes de la carrera de Enfermería que cursaban la materia Bases de la Semiología. Resultados Los nueve casos clínicos que formaban parte del juego fueron organizados en pistas que podían respaldar la composición de los diagnósticos de enfermería. Estos casos fueron evaluados con buena idoneidad por 19 especialistas en razonamiento diagnóstico o tecnología educativa. Al comparar el rendimiento de los estudiantes antes y después del experimento, la inferencia diagnóstica correcta presentó diferencia estadística significativa en la resolución del primer y segundo diagnóstico (p=0,008). Además, la escritura correcta del diagnóstico fue un punto destacado en el postest, y todos los ítems evaluados presentaron una mejora en el momento posterior a la aplicación del juego de mesa. Conclusión Se concluye que el juego de mesa Enfermero Diagnosticador es efectivo para respaldar la enseñanza del razonamiento diagnóstico en enfermería. De esta forma, se pretende avanzar en el estado del diseño en lo que respecta a juegos educativos de bajo costo y fácil acceso para respaldar el razonamiento diagnóstico en enfermería.

Abstract Objective To assess the "Enfermeiro Diagnosticador" board game effectiveness for teaching diagnostic reasoning among nursing students. Methods This is a quasi-experimental study, developed in three stages: "Enfermeiro Diagnosticador" (Diagnostician Nurse) game construction; content analysis of clinical cases by experts; and "Enfermeiro Diagnosticador" game application. Nineteen experts participated in content analysis. Pre- and post-tests were performed with 11 undergraduate nursing students, attending semiology, a baseline subject. Results The nine clinical cases that comprised the game were organized into clues capable of subsidizing the composition of nursing diagnoses. These were assessed with good suitability by 19 experts in diagnostic reasoning and/or educational technology. Comparing students' performance before and after the experiment, the correct diagnostic inference showed a statistically significant difference in the resolution of the first and second diagnoses (p=0.008). Moreover, the correct writing of diagnosis was a highlight in the post-test and all the items assessed showed improvement after the board game application. Conclusion It is concluded that "Enfermeiro Diagnosticador" is effective in supporting the teaching of diagnostic reasoning in nursing. In this way, we aim to advance in the state of the art with regard to low-cost and easily accessible educational games to support diagnostic reasoning in nursing.

Atividade física e saúde mental: intervenção no contexto da residência multiprofissional em saúde da família / Physical activity and mental health: intervention in the context of a multi-professional residence program in family health / Actividad física y salud mental: intervención en el contexto de un programa de residencia multiprofesional en salud familiar

Objetivou-se analisar as percepções de saúde física e mental dos participantes de um grupo de práticas corporais, antes e depois da intervenção, na Atenção Primária. Pesquisa-intervenção, com abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvida em Sobral, Ceará, Brasil, na Estratégia Saúde da Família, com 18 integrantes do grupo de práticas corporais do Centro de Saúde da Família José Mendes Mont'Alverne. O principal critério para escolha dos participantes foi que estes deveriam fazer uso de medicamentos antidepressivos e/ou ansiolíticos. A intervenção foi realizada durante quatro meses, de agosto a novembro de 2022. No decorrer da intervenção, os participantes eram acompanhados semanalmente para verificação, estímulos e avaliação da prática de atividades físicas. Os resultados apontam que a maioria obteve mudanças no índice de massa corpórea. As percepções antes da intervenção foram construídas com as categorias: fragilidade e indisposição, descompassos da saúde mental e "não vou nada bem", o que contrapõe, de forma positiva, as percepções que emergiram depois da intervenção: melhor força e disposição, flexibilidade/mobilidade e resistência, interação social e sociabilidade e ampliação da saúde mental. A intervenção evidenciou benefícios ao proporcionar melhora na saúde física e mental dos participantes. Assim, a Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde da Família demonstrou que tem oportunizado processo de formação efetivo.

The objective was to analyze the perceptions of physical and mental health of the participants of a group of corporal practices in Primary Care before and after the intervention. An intervention research was conducted with a qualitative approach, in Sobral, Ceará, Brazil, in the Family Health Strategy, with 18 members of the José Mendes Mont'Alverne Family Health Center corporal practices group. The main criterion for choosing participants was that they should use antidepressant or anxiolytic drugs. The intervention lasted four months, from August to November 2022. During the intervention, the participants were monitored weekly for verification, stimulation, and evaluation of physical activity practices. The results indicate that the majority obtained changes in the body mass index. Perceptions before the intervention were built with the analysis categories: frailty and indisposition, mental health imbalances, and "I'm not doing well at all", which contrasts, in a positive way, the perceptions that emerged after the intervention: better strength and willingness, flexibility/mobility, and resistance, social interaction and sociability, and mental health improvement. The intervention showed benefits by improving the participants' physical and mental health. Thus, the Multiprofessional Residency in Family Health Program was successful in providing training to its participants.

El objetivo fue analizar las percepciones de salud física y mental de los participantes de un grupo de prácticas corporales en Atención Primaria antes y después de la intervención. Se realizó una investigación de intervención con abordaje cualitativo, en Sobral, Ceará, Brasil, en la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia, con 18 integrantes del grupo de prácticas corporales del Centro de Salud de la Familia José Mendes Mont'Alverne. El principal criterio para elegir a los participantes fue que utilizaran fármacos antidepresivos o ansiolíticos. La intervención duró cuatro meses, de agosto a noviembre de 2022. Durante la intervención, los participantes fueron monitoreados semanalmente para verificación, estimulación y evaluación de las prácticas de actividad física. Los resultados indican que la mayoría obtuvo cambios en el índice de masa corporal. Las percepciones antes de la intervención fueron construidas con las categorías de análisis: fragilidad e indisposición, desequilibrios de salud mental y "no estoy nada bien", lo que contrasta, de forma positiva, las percepciones que surgieron después de la intervención: mejor fuerza y disposición, flexibilidad/movilidad y resistencia, interacción social y sociabilidad y mejora de la salud mental. La intervención mostró beneficios al mejorar la salud física y mental de los participantes. Así, el Programa de Residencia Multiprofesional en Salud Familiar tuvo éxito en la formación de sus participantes.

Saúde mental de estudantes do ensino superior durante a pandemia da COVID-19: scoping review

Objetivo: Explorar evidências disponíveis sobre formas de apresentação das problemáticas psíquicas que afetam a saúde mental de estudantes universitários, durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Fonte de dados: Revisão de escopo, subdivida em seis etapas: identificação do tema; questão de pesquisa; critérios de inclusão e exclusão de estudos; amostragem; categorização; avaliação, discussão dos resultados e apresentação da revisão. As bases de dados usadas foram: Web of Science, LILACS, MEDLINE e Scopus. Resumo das conclusões: Identificaram-se 1.543 artigos, 219 lidos na íntegra e 95 incluídos. Selecionaram-se estudos que descrevessem a saúde mental dos estudantes de ensino superior de todas as faixas etárias, sobre o conceito da saúde mental, no contexto da pandemia, sendo possível obter conhecimentos das sintomatologias apresentadas pelos estudantes no decorrer do isolamento social. A revisão de escopo mostrou que a saúde mental dos alunos foi afetada durante a pandemia de COVID-19 de diferentes maneiras e que a pandemia atuou como um intensificador dos sintomas.

Pequi oil (Caryocar brasilense Cambess.) nanoemulsion alters cell proliferation and damages key organelles in triple-negative breast cancer cells in vitro.

Pequi oil is extracted from the fruit of a Brazilian native plant (Caryocar brasiliense Camb) that contains some molecules with anticancer potential. Due to its hydrophobic property, the administration of pequi oil associated with nanoemulsion systems represents a successful strategy to improve oil bioavailability. Breast cancer is the most frequent type of cancer among women and conventional therapies used are frequently associated with several side effects. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pequi oil-based nanoemulsion (PeNE) on triple-negative breast cancer cells (4T1), in vitro. PeNE presented a dose- and time-dependent cytotoxic effect with lower IC50 than free pequi oil after 48 h of exposure (p < 0.001). At 180 µg/mL, PeNE demonstrated numerous cell alterations, when compared to free pequi oil, such as morphological alterations, reduction in cell proliferation and total cell number, damage to plasmatic membrane, induction of lysosomal membrane permeability and depolarization of mitochondrial membrane, alteration of intracellular ROS production and calcium level, and increase in phosphatidylserine exposure. Taken together, the results suggest an interesting induction of cell death mechanisms involving a combined action of factors that impair nucleus, mitochondria, lysosome, and ER function. In addition, more pronounced effects were observed in cells treated by PeNE at 180 µg/mL when compared to free pequi oil, thereby reinforcing the advantages of using nanometric platforms. These promising results highlight the use of PeNE as a potential complementary therapeutic approach to be employed along with conventional treatments against breast cancer in the future.

Influência do estado nutricional e do diagnóstico de diabetes na evolução clínica de pacientes hospitalizados com COVID-19 / Influence of nutritional status and diagnosis of diabetes in the clinicalevolution of hospitalized patients with COVID-19

Introducción: A fines de 2019 en la ciudad de Wuhan, China, se describieron los primeros casos de síndrome respiratorio causado por la enfermedad del coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). La obesidad o desnutrición, asociadas a comorbilidades como la hipertensión y la diabetes, pueden incrementar significativamente el riesgo de hospitalización y muerte en estos pacientes. Objetivos: evaluar la relación entre el estado nutricional y la presencia de comorbilidades con la duración de la estancia hospitalaria, los parámetros bioquímicos y la evolución clínica de los pacientes con COVID-19. Materiales y métodos: estudio retrospectivo que forma parte de un proyecto multicéntrico de la Universidad Federal de Alagoas y con un centro colaborador de la Universidad Federal de Pernambuco, basado en la recolección de datos de historias clínicas de pacientes hospitalizados con COVID-19, quienes fueron hospitalizados. en un hospital de Pernambuco y uno en Alagoas de marzo a diciembre de 2020. Los datos se analizaron mediante el software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), versión 20.0, y el nivel de significancia adoptado fue del 5%. Resultados: La muestra estuvo conformada por 97 pacientes, en su mayoría ancianos, donde el 66,9% de los pacientes presentaba hipertensión y el 41,2% diabetes. El grupo con diagnóstico previo de diabetes tuvo una estancia hospitalaria más prolongada en comparación con el grupo sin esta comorbilidad (p = 0,050). El IMC medio fue de 26,2 ± 4,85 kg / m², donde la mayoría de los pacientes tenían sobrepeso (46,2%) y el 8,8% tenían bajo peso. En el análisis de la asociación entre las variables de estudio y el resultado clínico, se observó que la edad y el diagnóstico de diabetes se asociaron con el resultado de la muerte. Conclusión: Se observó peor pronóstico clínico, mayor duración de la estancia hospitalaria y mayor riesgo de mortalidad entre los pacientes diabéticos y ancianos.(AU)

Introdução: Ao final de 2019 na cidade de Wuhan, China,foram descritos os primeiros casos da síndrome respiratóriacausada pela doença do coronavírus 2019 (COVID-19). Aobesidade ou desnutrição, associadas a comorbidades comohipertensão e diabetes podem aumentar significativamente orisco de hospitalização e morte desses pacientes. Metas: avaliar a relação entre estado nutricional e pre-sença de comorbidades com o tempo de internamento hospi-talar, parâmetros bioquímicos e desfecho clínico de pacientescom COVID-19. Materiais e métodos: estudo retrospectivo parte inte-grante de um projeto multicêntrico oriundo da UniversidadeFederal de Alagoas e com centro colaborador na UniversidadeFederal de Pernambuco, realizado a partir da coleta de dadosem prontuários de pacientes hospitalizados com COVID-19,que estiveram internados em um hospital de Pernambuco eum de Alagoas no período de março a dezembro de 2020. Osdados foram analisados pelo software Statistical Package forthe Social Sciences (SPSS) versão 20.0 e o nível de signifi-cância adotado foi de 5%. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 97 pacientes, namaioria idosos, onde 66,9% dos pacientes apresentava hi-pertensão e 41,2% diabetes. O grupo com diagnóstico préviode diabetes apresentou maior tempo de internamento hospi-talar quando comparado àquele sem essa comorbidade (p =0,050). A média do IMC foi de 26,2 ± 4,85 kg/m², onde amaioria dos pacientes apresentaram excesso de peso(46,2%) e 8,8% apresentaram baixo peso. Na análise da as-sociação entre as variáveis do estudo e o desfecho clínico, ob-servou-se que a idade e o diagnóstico de diabetes se asso-ciaram com o desfecho óbito. Conclusão: Observou-se pior prognóstico clínico, aumentode tempo de internamento e maior risco de mortalidade en-tre os pacientes diabéticos e os mais velhos.(AU)

Were the socio-economic determinants of municipalities relevant to the increment of COVID-19 related deaths in Brazil in 2020?

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil has been showing a pattern of distribution of related deaths associated with individual socioeconomic status (SES). However, little is known about the role of SES in the distribution of the mortality rate in different population, from an ecological perspective. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of socioeconomic factors in the distribution of the COVID-19-related mortality rate among Brazilian municipalities in 2020. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional, observational, population-wide, and ecological study, using data of COVID-19-related deaths from the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System database (SIVEP-Gripe) and SES from the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI), the Human Development Index (HDI), the Geographic Index of the Socioeconomic Context and Social Studies (GeoSES), and 2010 Demographic Census (IBGE/Brazil). We computed crude, age- and sex-standardized, and the latter offset by the time of exposure to the epidemic mortality rates. To determine socioeconomic factors associated with mortality rates we used log-linear models with state codes as a random effect and Haversine variance-covariance matrix. RESULTS: 191,528 deaths were related to COVID-19 and distributed in 4,928 (88.55%) Brazilian municipalities. Whatever the socioeconomic indexes used, the R2 were very small to explain SMRT. Consistent across all socioeconomic indexes used, high-income, more educated, and well infrastructure municipalities generally had higher mortality rates. CONCLUSION: Excluding the effect of demographic structure and pandemic timing from mortality rates, the contribution of SES to explain differences in COVID-19-related mortality rates among municipalities in Brazil became very low. The impact of SES on COVID-19-related mortality may vary across levels of aggregation. Urban infrastructure, which includes mobility structures, more complex economic activities and connections, may have influenced the average municipal death rate.

Biopsychosocial inequality, active lifestyle and chronic health conditions: a cross-sectional National Health Survey 2013 in Brazil.

This study estimated the biopsychosocial factors related to active physical behavior in the Brazilian population with and without chronic non-transmissible disease (NCD). Cross-sectional study of the National Health Survey (NHS) in Brazil, with 60,202 individuals in 2013. Participants were randomly selected by complex sampling. The outcome was physically active behavior measured by performing a minimum of 150 min of physical exercise per week. The independent variables were social and psychological characteristics, lifestyle and health. Cox regression was applied to estimate the prevalence ratio (PR). There are 29,666 (48.3%; 95% CI 47.0-50.0) participants reported having NCD. Not being a smoker or alcoholic, living in an urban area (PR = 1.44; CI95% 1.23-1.68/PR = 1.38; CI95% 1.08-1.75), having informal social support (PR = 1.26; CI95% 1.10-1.44/PR = 1.19; CI95% 1.05-1.34), A social class (PR = 0.43; CI95% 0.25-0.73/PR = 0.46; CI95% 0.26-0.80), high schooling (PR = 0.34; CI95% 0.23-0.51/PR = 0.33; CI95% 0.24-0.46) as well as paid work (PR = 0.87; CI95% 0.78-0.96/PR = 0.89; CI95% 0.79-0.99) are more associated with active lifestyle in both groups. However, only in the group without NCD, the male sex (PR = 1.42; CI95% 1.28-1.57), no having some disability (PR = 1.31; CI95% 1.03-1.66) and having private health insurance (PR = 1.26; CI95% 1.13-1.41) were more associated with active behavior, while in the group with NCD, being elderly (PR = 1.22; CI95% 1.05-1.42), not be white (PR = 0.85; CI95% 0.77-0.95) and not having restful sleep (PR = 1.23; CI95% 1.08-1.40) are associated with active lifestyle. People with and without NCD in Brazil have very close active behavior, however, some biopsychosocial factors such as: sex, age, lifestyle, socioeconomic level are unevenly associated with the active lifestyle in the groups. Thus, therapeutic or preventive proposals as well as public policies for health promotion must observe these distinctions when elaborating their actions.

Exercise behavior patterns and associations with subjective well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study in Brazil.

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the behavior and practice of planned and structured physical exercises. This study aimed to investigate the association between changes in physical exercise behavior and subjective well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed in Brazil and included a total of 595 individuals recruited through social media platforms, personal and professional contacts. Each participant responded to self-completed questionnaire via an online survey between March 29 and May 7, 2020. The characteristics of physical exercise (frequency, intensity, and duration) were collected before and during the pandemic. The subjective state of mood was measured through the Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire during the pandemic. A generalized linear model was employed for the analysis. RESULTS: Exercising during the pandemic only promoted protective effects on the subjective mood. An exercise frequency of 3-5 days/week was associated with improved vigor and between 6-7 days/week with improved vigor and total mood when compared to not exercising at all (p < .005). A moderate intensity was associated with improved vigor, and a high intensity with improved vigor, total mood, and less fatigue in comparison to low-intensity exercise programs (p < 0.05). Maintaining the same duration of exercise sessions during the pandemic was associated with lower scores of depression/anxiety, fatigue and irritability, and improved vigor and total mood, while performing longer sessions with improved vigor when compared to short exercise sessions (p < .005). CONCLUSION: Regular exercising during the pandemic promotes positive changes in the subjective well-being. Our results reinforce the need for adopting and maintaining a physical exercise routine during the COVID-19 pandemic as a protective effect on mental health.

A new species of Neoparaphytoseius (Acari: Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae) from Brazil, with a review of the genus.

Neoparaphytoseius Chant McMurtry is a genus in the family Phytoseiidae, subfamily Amblyseiinae. The genus includes only two known species from Brazil and Peru, and the third is described here. Neoparaphytoseius caatinga n. sp. is described from the Caatinga biome of Alagoas State, where it was found on Croton blanchetianus Baill (Euphorbiaceae). The new species is compared with the closely related species, Neoparaphytoseius charapa Jiménez, McMurtry Moraes, and N. sooretamus (El-Banhawy). An identification key for the species of this genus is provided, based on the examination of the type specimens.

Serum biomarker profile orchestrating the seroconversion status of patients with autoimmune diseases upon planned primary 17DD Yellow fever vaccination.

The present study aimed to investigate whether the serum biomarkers of immune response orchestrate the seroconversion status in patients with autoimmune diseases (AID) upon planned primary 17DD-YF vaccination. For this purpose a total of 161 individuals were enrolled in a prospective study, including patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA = 38), Spondyloarthritis (SpA = 51), Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE = 21) and Sjögren's Syndrome (SS = 30) along with a group of healthy controls (HC = 21). Analysis of plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) titers and seropositivity rates along with the 17DD-YF viremia and serum biomarkers were carried out at distinct time points (D0/D3-4/D5-6/D7/D14-28). The results demonstrated an overall lower PRNT titer and seropositivity rate (170 vs. 448; 77 vs. 95%) in AID as compared to HC, especially in SpA and SLE subgroups. No significant differences were observed in the viremia levels amongst groups. In general, a more prominent serum biomarker response was observed in AID as compared to HC, throughout the timeline kinetics. Remarkably, AID/PRNT(-) exhibited higher levels of several biomarkers at baseline as compared to AID/PRNT+. Moreover, while AID/PRNT(+) exhibited earlier increase in serum biomarkers at D3-4/D5-6, the AID/PRNT(-) displayed higher response at later time points (D7/D14-D28). Of note, a synchronic increase of IFN-γ at the peak of viremia (D5-6) was observed in HC and AID/PRNT(+) groups, whereas a later asynchronous IFN-γ response was reported for AID/PRNT(-) at D7. The biomarker profile tends to deflate at post-vaccination timeline, highlighting a putative immunomodulatory effect of live attenuated 17DD-YF vaccine in AID/PRNT(+), but not in AID/PRNT(-). Altogether these data suggested that inflammatory status prior vaccination, low IFN-γ at viremia peak and the occurrence of asynchronous biomarker storm after 17DD-YF vaccination may orchestrate the lack of neutralizing antibody response γ.

Auditory-perceptual performance in children with and without phonological disorder in the stops class. / Desempenho perceptivo-auditivo em crianças com e sem transtorno fonológico na classe das oclusivas.

PURPOSE: To compare the auditory-perceptual performance of children with and without phonological disorder (PD) in the identification task of contrasts between stops phonemes. METHODS: Information was selected from a database regarding the auditory-perceptual performance of 46 children (23 with a diagnosis of PD with involvement in the stops (G1) and 23 with typical speech development (G2)), aged 4 and eight years old, in an identification task of the class of stops consonants in Brazilian Portuguese, using the speech perception assessment instrument (PERCEFAL). The reaction time, the number of errors and correctness, as well as the pattern of perceptual error were considered in the analysis. RESULTS: Regarding the auditory-perceptual accuracy, T-Test showed a statistically significant difference, in which typical children had a higher average of correctness than children with PD and shorter reaction time for correct answers. Regarding the error pattern, repeated measures ANOVA showed a significant effect for the group and error pattern, but not for the interaction between group and error pattern. Tukey's Post Hoc test showed for both groups that errors involving place of articulation were superior to voicing and voicing + place of articulation errors. CONCLUSION: children with phonological disorders have worse accuracy in relation to children without disorders and, also, longer response time for correctness. Errors involving the place of articulation between the stops were the most frequent for both groups.

OBJETIVO: Comparar o desempenho perceptivo-auditivo de crianças com e sem transtorno fonológico (TF) na tarefa de identificação dos contrastes entre os fonemas oclusivos. MÉTODO: Foram selecionadas, de um banco de dados, informações referentes ao desempenho perceptivo-auditivo de 46 crianças (23 com diagnóstico de TF com acometimento nas oclusivas (G1) e 23 com desenvolvimento típico de fala (G2)), entre quatro e oito anos de idade, em uma tarefa de identificação na classe das consoantes oclusivas do Português Brasileiro, a partir do instrumento de avaliação de percepção de fala (PERCEFAL). O tempo de reação, os números de erros e acertos, bem como o padrão de erro perceptual foram considerados na análise. RESULTADOS: Com relação à acurácia perceptivo-auditiva o Test-T mostrou uma diferença estatisticamente significante, em que as crianças típicas tiveram uma média de acerto maior do que as crianças com TF e um tempo de reação menor para os acertos. No tocante ao padrão de erro a ANOVA de medidas repetidas mostrou um efeito significativo para o grupo e padrão de erro, mas não para a interação entre grupo e padrão de erro. O teste Post Hoc de Tukey mostrou para ambos os grupos que os erros envolvendo ponto articulatório foram superiores aos erros de vozeamento e vozeamento + ponto articulatório. CONCLUSÃO: crianças com transtorno fonológico apresentam pior acurácia em relação às crianças sem alteração e, ainda, um maior tempo de resposta para os acertos. Erros envolvendo o ponto de articulação entre as oclusivas foram os mais frequentes em ambos os grupos.

LED irradiated photo-Fenton for the removal of estrogenic activity and endocrine disruptors from wastewater treatment plant effluent.

The goal of this work was to evaluate the performance of the LED irradiated photo-Fenton process on the removal of (i) estrogenic activity and (ii) seven endocrine disruptors (EDs) (4-octylphenol, 4-nonylphenol, bisphenol A, estrone, 17ß-estradiol, 17α-ethinylestradiol, and estriol) from real wastewater treatment plant effluent (WWTPE). EDs are a group of contaminants of emerging concern present in WWTPE and which may be recognized by hormone receptors, thus harming animal and human health. The yeast estrogenic screen test (YES) was used to quantify estrogenic activity promoted by EDs in WWTPE samples before and after photo-Fenton treatment. Tests were performed following a factorial design with different iron (20, 40, and 60 mg L-1) and hydrogen peroxide (100, 200, and 300 mg L-1) concentrations in a laboratory scale LED photoreactor (λ = 455 nm, 1.5 L, 1.6 × 10-6 Einstein s-1). EDs were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer. Control experiments consisted of Fenton process, iron only, LED irradiation only, and H2O2 only. Optimum experimental conditions for LED photo-Fenton resulted in 62% removal of estrogenic activity and 59% mineralization. In addition, treated WWTPE was not toxic to Aliivibrio fischeri and more than 80% of EDs were removed during LED irradiated photo-Fenton. Although Fenton process showed similar efficiency to that obtained by LED photo-Fenton, a higher volume of sludge was generated in the dark. Finally, results obtained in this study confirm the applicability of LED irradiated photo-Fenton process for improving the quality of WWTPE as an alternative to solar photo-Fenton in case solar radiation is not available, thus reducing hazards associated to WWTPE reuse or discharge.

Nodular anterior scleritis associated with Berger's disease.

A 45-year-old female patient presented with a complaint of right eye redness and pain for 7 days. She was under investigation for urinary abnormalities and reported a previous history of recurrent oral ulcers and ocular hyperemia in both eyes. Best-corrected visual acuity was 20/30 and 20/20 in the right and left eyes, respectively. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy of the ocular surface of the right eye revealed nasal scleral hyperemia that persisted after instillation of topical phenylephrine 10%, reinforcing the diagnosis of anterior scleritis. Renal biopsy showed immunoglobulin A immune complexes and confirmed the suspected diagnosis of Berger's disease. Maintenance immunosuppressive therapy with azathioprine following a 6-month induction of remission with cyclophosphamide was necessary after pulse therapy with methylprednisolone. Scleritis is usually related to systemic autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, and polyangiitis. Herein, we describe a rare case of unilateral anterior scleritis associated with Berger's disease.